Neu N Torch Infections Clinics in Perinatology 2015
Maniklal S Global Burden of Congenital Cmv Clin Micro Reviews 2013
Mo Y Zika virus: review for clinicians Brit Med Bulletin 2016
CONGENITAL INFECTIONS
TORCH Infections
Neu N, et al. Clinics in Perinatology 2015; 42: 77-43
- What are the “expanded” TORCH infections?
- What are the forms of the toxoplasmosis parasite, and what tissues do the tachyzoite invade and form cysts?
- What are the typical clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis?
- Can infection with toxoplasmosis progress after birth?
- What is the treatment for toxoplasmosis, for mother and infant?
- Describe the clinical features of congenital syphilis
- What does the VDRL and RPR tests detect, and explain why they are non-specific. What are more specific tests? What is the prozone effect?
- When are the two highest risk periods for a foetus developing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)?
- What cardiac lesions are seen with CRS? What other TORCH infections can lead to cardiac lesions?
- Which TORCH infections are associated with hearing loss?
- For how long is an infant with CRS considered contagious?
- What diagnostic tests can confirm CRS?
- What are the clinical features of foetal parvovirus B19 infection? Why is anaemia so common in parvovirus infections?
- What factors increase the risk of perinatal HIV transmission?
- At what age should HIV-exposed infants be tested with an HIV nucleic acid test (e.g. DNA PCR) to be reliably negative?
- What stage in pregnancy does most Hepatitis B transmission occur?
- What proportion of infants infected with Hepatitis B perinatally develop chronic hepatitis B?
- What is the ideal preventative treatment for newborn known to be Hepatitis B exposed?
The “Silent” Global Burden of Congenital CMV
Manicklal S, et al. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2013; 26: 86-100
- It used to be thought that only mothers with primary CMV are at risk of having a newborn with congenital CMV. Is this true? And what implications does this have for countries like PNG?
- What clinical features would make you suspect maternal primary CMV infection (primary infection in a pregnant woman)?
- What is the commonest complication of congenital CMV? What are the other clinical features?
- What are the risk factors for CMV transmission in pregnancy?
- What is the treatment for symptomatic CMV infection in the newborn? What are the benefits and what are the side-effects of this treatment?
Zika virus – a review for clinicians
Mo Y, et al. British Medical Bulletin, 2016; June: 1-12
- When was Zika virus first discovered?
- What are the vectors for Zika and what other viruses share these vectors?
- What countries in Oceania are known to have Zika virus?
- What are the known modes of transmission of Zika virus?
- What are the clinical features of Zika virus infection, and how do these clinical features differ from those caused by other viruses carried by the same vectors?
- Besides microcephaly identified in Brazil, what are the other neurological manifestations of Zika virus infection
- What are the diagnostic tests for Zika virus and what are the problems with these tests?